NDC comm Network Card HWB3163 User Manual

HWB3163-EVAL PRISM II 11Mbps PCMCIA  
Wireless LAN Evaluation Kit User’s Guide  
TM  
Application Note  
August 2000  
AN9864.1  
Author: Richard L. Abrahams  
An ad hoc communications network is created quickly and  
informally for a temporary time period. An infrastructure  
network usually requires more planning so that wireless  
stations can communicate over longer distances through  
access points, and may also communicate with existing  
wired LANs using portals.  
Introduction  
This kit allows evaluation of the Intersil  
PRISM® II Direct Sequence chip set  
design in a Wireless Local Area  
Network (WLAN) PCMCIA Card  
implementation.  
The IEEE 802.11 standard describes Media Access Control  
(MAC) procedures. The principal method of communication  
is the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision  
Avoidance (CSMA-CA) protocol. Using this protocol, each  
station senses the communications medium (RF channel),  
and does not transmit until the channel is clear. This avoids  
collisions and minimizes the retransmission of subsequent  
packets.  
Software drivers are included allowing data to be transmitted  
between cards at 1, 2, 5.5 and 11Mbps transfer rates, with a  
diagnostic program to display the real data throughput from  
system to system.  
Included in the kit are PRISM II chip set data sheets with  
application notes describing the implementation of a  
wireless networking card using the chip set.  
Contents of Your Evaluation Kit  
The standard also supports the operation of a station within  
a wireless LAN that may coexist with several overlapping  
wireless LANs. To accomplish this, a scheme of  
Your PC Card Wireless LAN Evaluation Kit contains the  
following items:  
channelization and spread spectrum techniques is used.  
Direct Sequence (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping (FHSS)  
spread spectrum techniques are supported by the standard  
and both operate in the 2.4 to 2.4835GHz frequency band  
(the unlicensed ISM band). An infrared technique is also  
supported for indoor applications. The standard supports a  
1Mbps and 2Mbps data rate for both DSSS and FHSS and  
has recently introduced a high data rate standard supporting  
5.5Mbps and 11Mbps DSSS using Complementary Code  
Keying (CCK) modulation.  
QUANTITY  
DESCRIPTION  
2
1
PRISM II Wireless LAN PC Cards  
HWB3163 Wireless LAN Evaluation Kit User’s  
Guide, AN9864  
1
1
1
PRISM II Chip Set Data Sheets  
PRISM II Application Notes  
Microsoft® Windows® 95/98/NT/CE/2000, LINUX®  
Driver  
The standard has also specified the requirements and services  
that enable private and secure communications to occur.  
1
1
1
1
PRISM® Test Utilities (PTU) Software  
Features/Benefits Card  
Wireless LAN Configurations  
Product Registration Form  
Notification Card  
For ease of use in evaluating these cards, an ad hoc  
network for peer to peer communications can be created.  
An ad hoc network is usually created for a specific purpose  
(such as file transfer or accessing a database). Ad hoc  
networks simplify the process of creating and dissolving  
networks for nontechnical users of the network facilities.  
Two cards form an IEEE 802.11 Independent Basic Service  
Set (IBSS), the simplest ad hoc network. The cards  
communicate with each other directly and must remain  
within radio range. When both cards are on, they  
immediately “see” each other and the ad hoc network is  
formed without user intervention.  
Should you discover that your PC Card Wireless LAN  
Evaluation Kit is incomplete, please contact Intersil  
Corporation.  
Overview of IEEE 802.11  
The IEEE 802.11 specification is a standard for wireless  
connectivity for fixed, portable, and moving stations within a  
local area.  
The IEEE 802.11 standard describes the services required  
by a compliant device to operate within an “ad hoc” or  
“infrastructure” network, as well as dealing with the issues  
related to mobility within those networks. Spread spectrum  
techniques are used to tolerate mobility and multipath  
effects. They are also a requirement for compliance with  
FCC, ETSI and those of other regulatory authorities when  
operating within the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM)  
frequency band.  
To use the cards in an infrastructure BSS (also called an  
Extended Service Set) where the two cards may not be in direct  
radio contact, access points are needed. The association  
between a card (station) and an infrastructure BSS - where  
communication occurs only between a station and an access  
point and not between stations directly is dynamic.  
1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil and Design is a trademark of Intersil Corporation. | Copyright © Intersil Corporation 2000  
PRISM® is a registered trademark of Intersil Corporation. PRISM logo is a trademark of Intersil Corporation.  
1
Microsoft® Windows® and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. LINUX® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.  
 
Application Note 9864  
Hardware Installation  
INSTRUMENT  
MANUFACTURER  
MODEL  
Step 1. Ensure that power to the PCMCIA slot is OFF by  
noting that the PCMCIA icon does not appear in the  
System Tray on the Desktop. If unsure, re-boot the  
computer.  
Frequency Counter Hewlett-Packard  
Digital Scope  
53181A (012 Option)  
General-Purpose Multimeter  
Step 2. Insert the wireless LAN PC card extender card into  
the PCMCIA slot.  
Computer with a PCMCIA Connection Slot (2 required)  
3V PCMCIA  
Extender Card  
Swart Interconnect  
EXT PCM-68-CC  
NOTE: This is a 5V  
Extender and must be  
mechanically  
Step 3. Insert the wireless LAN PC card into the end of the  
extender card. Ensure that the LED and pin  
headers of the extender card are on the same side.  
Both the card and the extender are keyed so they  
will fit correctly. The HWB3163 is a 3V only device.  
Do not therefore force it in a 5V-keyed system as  
permanent damage may occur.  
modified for 3V  
operation)  
Differential Probe  
Tektronix  
P6247  
RF Probe, 500Ω  
Hewlett-Packard  
54006A + 11742A  
PC Card Evaluation  
This chapter describes several software programs supplied  
with the kit. It also details some diagnostic test points that  
may be accessed on the card.  
Using the PRISM Test Utility (PTU) Software  
The PTU permits continuous operation of the transmitter. It  
is therefore convenient for performing RF measurements  
such as Transmitter Power. It also provides a handy method  
of changing channels within the ISM band, Use of the  
PRISM Transmitter Test Utility is basically self explanatory.  
An icon was automatically created on the desktop when the  
PTU installation was performed. It may be run by double-  
clicking on this icon.  
Using the LANEVAL Software  
LANEVAL provides a convenient method of analyzing  
Packet Error Rate (PER) and Receiver Sensitivity. An icon  
for starting LANEVAL was automatically placed on the  
desktop when the PTU installation was performed. In order  
for LANEVAL to form a successful link, the same packet  
parameters (e.g., Packet Length, Packet Pad Words, etc.)  
most be programmed at each end of the link.  
LANEVAL runs in conjunction with the NDC Driver. The  
Driver permits selection of Data Rate and Channel. It is  
normally run in the Pseudo IBSS mode as this provides a  
simple wireless Ad Hoc link between two computers. The  
NDC Driver may be easily accessed by double-clicking on its  
icon (looks like a computer with an antenna on top) located  
in the System Tray area on the desktop.  
List of Test Instruments  
The following instruments may be used for conducting tests  
on the wireless LAN PC card.  
INSTRUMENT  
MANUFACTURER  
MODEL  
Spectrum Analyzer Hewlett-Packard  
8595E  
8541B  
8648C  
Power Meter  
Giga-tronics  
Signal Generator  
Hewlett-Packard  
3
 
HFA3861B BBP  
(FILE #4816)  
1
RF  
DAC  
HFA3683A  
1
6
RF  
ADC  
(FILE #4634)  
RF/IF CONVERTER  
AGC  
CTL  
IF  
DAC  
HFA3841 MAC  
(FILE #4661)  
6
6
RAKE  
AND  
DEMOD  
I ADC  
WEP  
ENGINE  
Q ADC  
RADIO  
DATA  
INTERFACE  
HFA3983  
(FILE #4635)  
PA  
CPU  
REF_OUT  
PLL  
IF LO  
I/O  
RF LO  
PLL  
I/Q LO  
16-BIT  
HOST  
INTERFACE  
LOGIC  
PIPELINED  
CONTROL  
PROCESSOR  
6
6
MOD  
AND  
FILTER  
I DAC  
RADIO  
CONTROL  
PORTS  
Q DAC  
TX  
ALC  
7
6
TX  
BUFFER  
HFA3783 (FILE #4633)  
IF I/Q MOD/DEMOD  
DAC  
TX  
ADC  
GP  
MEMORY  
SERIAL  
PORTS  
ACCESS  
ARBITER  
CONTROL  
TEST I/O  
VCO  
VCO  
V
CTRL  
V
CTRL  
EXTERNAL  
MEMORY  
44MHz  
OSC  
FIGURE 1. WIRELESS LAN PC CARD BLOCK DIAGRAM  
 
Test Point Diagrams  
TEST POINT L1 - RX Q- SIGNAL  
TEST POINT L - RX Q+ SIGNAL  
TEST POINT K1 - RX I- SIGNAL  
TEST POINT K- RX I+ SIGNAL  
FIGURE 2. WIRELESS LAN PC CARD TEST POINTS (TOP VIEW)  
 
Test Point Diagrams (Continued)  
TEST POINT D - TX IF SIGNAL (AFTER SAW FL)  
TEST POINT C  
INSTALL FOR RF CONNECTOR  
C137 (150 PF)  
ALSO INSTALL C141 (SEE BELOW)  
TEST POINT  
J- RX IF+ SIGNAL  
TX IF SIGNAL (BEFORE SAW FL)  
RF IN/OUT  
TEST POINT E  
(INSTALL J1 FOR  
RF CONNECTOR)  
TEST POINT A  
TX I+  
TEST POINT A1  
TX I-  
TEST POINT I  
IF L.O. LOCK VOLTAGE  
INSTALL FOR RF CONNECTOR  
C141 (150 PF)  
ALSO INSTALL C137 (SEE ABOVE)  
TEST POINT G  
RF L.O. LOCK VOLTAGE  
TEST POINT F - RF L.O.  
TEST POINT H  
IF L.O.  
TEST POINT B  
TX Q+  
REMOVE FOR RF CONNECTOR  
L4 (1.5 NH)  
TEST POINT B1  
TX Q-  
FIGURE 3. WIRELESS LAN PC CARD TEST POINTS (BOTTOM VIEW)  
 
Application Note 9864  
Test Points C and D  
Explanation of Test Points  
IF Transmit Signal:  
All measurements were taken using the “Continuous  
Transmit” or “Continuous Receive” features of the PTU  
diagnostic software. Unless otherwise noted, spectrum  
measurements included in this section were obtained using  
a Hewlett-Packard 54006A 500probe and 11742A coaxial  
blocking capacitor and do not indicate the actual amplitude  
of the signal owing to losses associated with the probe.  
Unless noted, 11Mbps CCK modulation was employed.  
Many of the signals are differential (i.e., balanced with  
respect to ground). These are denoted by + (plus) and  
- (minus) symbols following the signal name (e.g., RX I+ and  
RX I-).  
Test Points A- A1, and B-B1  
Transmit I and Q:  
FIGURE 5. IF TRANSMIT SIGNAL BEFORE SAW FILTER  
(TEST POINT C)  
FIGURE 6. IF TRANSMIT SIGNAL AFTER THE SAW FILTER  
(TEST POINT D)  
FIGURE 4. TRANSMIT I AND Q SIGNALS AT THE OUTPUT  
OF THE HFA3861 (TEST POINTS A-A1 AND B-B1)  
The intermediate frequency (IF) transmit signal is a spread  
spectrum signal centered at 374MHz with a 17MHz  
bandwidth.  
NOTE: BPSK mode is used for the plots in this figure. Therefore, I  
and Q are identical.  
The I and Q are both differential signals and, as such,  
consist of I+, I-, Q+, and Q- respectively. As these are  
balanced signals, data is measured using a Tektronix P6247  
Differential Probe. For example in the measurement of the I  
signal, the probe is bridged between Test Points A (I+) and  
A1 (I-).  
The SAW filter is used to shape the sidelobes.  
Test point C is at the input of the SAW Filter whereas D is at  
the output.  
Transmit In-phase and Quadrature (I+ and Q+) signals are  
the spread baseband single-bit I and Q digital data that are  
outputted at the programmed chip rate (N).  
7
 
Application Note 9864  
Test Point E  
Test Points F and G  
RF Transmit Signal:  
RF local oscillator (LO):  
FIGURE 7. TRANSMITTED 2.4GHz SIGNAL SPECTRUM  
(TEST POINT E)  
FIGURE 8. RF LOCAL OSCILLATOR OUTPUT AT CHANNEL 8  
(TEST POINT F)  
The optional SMA connector can be used to hook up a  
Spectrum Analyzer for RF evaluation. Note that L4 (1.5nH)  
must be removed and C141 (15pF) and C37 (150pF) must  
be installed to activate the connector See (Figure 3).  
The behavior of the RF VCO can be monitored at Test  
Point F.  
The VCO output should be locked at the channel frequency  
minus the IF (374MHz.) This means that the VCO will have  
to lock between 2038MHz and 2110MHz. The output power  
at test point F is approximately -6dBm. Ideally, the tuning  
voltage of the VCO, when locked, falls between 0.5V and  
2.2V. The tuning voltage of the RF VCO can be observed at  
Test Point G.  
This is the up-converted spread spectrum output of the card.  
The center frequency of this signal is 2412-2484MHz  
depending on the channel of operation. The output power of  
the signal is approximately +12.5dBm. The peaks of the  
sidelobes of the output spectrum (i.e., the regrowth) are  
normally adjusted by the ALC/AGC to be 30dB below the  
peak of the spectrum per requirements of IEEE 802.11.  
Test Points H and I  
IF local oscillator (LO):  
The following table delineates the IEEE 802.11 channels and  
their corresponding center frequencies. Although information  
contained in Table 1 is deemed to be accurate, local regulatory  
authorities should be consulted before using such equipment.  
TABLE 1. IEEE 802.11 CHANNELS  
CHANNEL  
NUMBER  
CHANNEL  
FREQUENCY  
GEOGRAPHIC  
USAGE  
1
2
2412MHz  
2417MHz  
2422MHz  
2427MHz  
2432MHz  
2437MHz  
2442MHz  
2447MHz  
2452MHz  
2457MHz  
2462MHz  
2467MHz  
2472MHz  
2484MHz  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI  
US, CA, ETSI, FR, SP  
US, CA, ETSI, FR, SP  
ETSI, FR  
3
4
5
6
FIGURE 9. IF LOCAL OSCILLATOR OUTPUT (TEST POINT H)  
7
8
The IF VCO is a discrete design and operates at 748MHz  
(i.e., twice the IF frequency). The output frequency of this  
VCO does not need to be varied; thus, minimal tuning range  
is required.  
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
The output frequency of this VCO can be observed at Test  
Point H.  
ETSI, FR  
Japan  
Ideally, the tuning voltage of the IF VCO, when locked, falls  
between 0.5V and 2.2V. The tuning voltage of the IF VCO  
can be observed at Test Point I.  
KEY: US = United States, CA = Canada, ETSI = ETSI countries  
(except France and Spain), FR = France, SP = Spain.  
In Japan, authorization for Channels 1 through 11 is pending.  
8
 
Application Note 9864  
Test Point J  
Test Point K-K1 and L-L1  
IF Receive Signal:  
Receive I and Q:  
FIGURE 10. IF RECEIVE SIGNAL PRIOR TO SAW FILTER  
(TEST POINT J)  
The intermediate frequency (IF) receive signal is the down-  
converted receive signal prior to the SAW bandpass filter.  
The center frequency of this signal is 374MHz with a  
bandwidth of 17MHz. The power of this signal is directly  
dependent on the input signal power.  
FIGURE 11. RECEIVE I AND Q SIGNALS (TEST POINTS K AND L)  
NOTE: BPSK mode is used for the plots in this figure; as such, I and  
Q are inverse of each other.  
The receive In-phase and Quadrature (I and Q) signals are  
the demodulated lowpass-filtered data that are coupled to  
the HFA3861. The output levels of these two signals are  
Note that the spurious signal visible below the DS  
spectrum’s frequency is a harmonic of the 44MHz clock.  
Much of this level is due to stray pickup in the 500RF  
probe because of the relatively low signal level present. As  
such, it will have no influence on receiver performance.  
approximately 500mV . As these are balanced signals,  
P-P  
data is taken using a Tektronix P6247 Differential Probe.  
Test point K for RXI+ signal is at the 0jumper, R19.  
Test point K1 for RXI- signal is at the 0jumper, R23  
Test point L for RXQ+ signal is at the 0jumper, R27  
Test point L1 for RXQ- signal is at the 0jumper, R29.  
TOP (LED, THIS SIDE)  
PIN 34  
PIN 1  
3V KEY  
PIN 68  
PIN 35  
BOTTOM  
VIEW, LOOKING INTO 68 PIN FEMALE CONNECTOR  
FIGURE 12. EDGE VIEW, PCMCIA CARD  
9
 
Application Note 9864  
Absolute Maximum Ratings  
Operating Conditions  
o
o
Supply Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 4.0V (Max)  
Storage Temperature (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 C to 65 C  
Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 C T 55 C  
A
o
o
Supply Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0V to 3.6V  
Caution: These are the absolute maximum ratings for the PC Card product. Exceeding these limits could cause permanent damage to the card.  
NOTE:  
1. All temperature references refer to ambient conditions.  
Operational Characteristics  
References  
See the HWB3163-EVAL data sheet, Intersil File #4794, for  
more detailed specifications.  
For Intersil documents available on the internet, see web site  
Intersil AnswerFAX (321) 724-7800.  
TABLE 2. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS  
[1] HWB3163-EVAL Data Sheet, Intersil Corporation,  
SPECIFICATION  
Targeted Standard  
VALUE  
AnswerFAX Doc. No. 4794.  
IEEE 802.11  
[2] AN9850 Application Note, Intersil Corporation,  
“Complementary Code Keying Made Simple”,  
AnswerFAX Doc. No. 99850.  
Data Rate  
1Mbps DBPSK  
2Mbps DQPSK  
5.5Mbps CCK  
11Mbps CCK  
Notices  
Electronic Emission Notices  
Range (11Mbps Data Rate)  
120ft (37M) Indoor (Typ)  
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules.  
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:  
400ft (122M) Outdoor (Typ)  
Center Frequency Range  
Step Size  
2412MHz - 2484MHz  
1MHz  
1. This device may not cause harmful interference.  
2. This device must accept any interference received,  
including interference that may cause undesired operation.  
IF Frequency  
374MHz  
FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement  
IF Bandwidth  
17MHz  
The wireless LAN PC card is subject to the rules of the  
Federal Communications Commission (FCC). This card is  
considered an intentional radiator as per the FCC guidelines.  
RX/TX Switching Speed  
2µs (Typ)  
Average Current without  
Power Save  
2% Transmit, 98% Receive  
187mA (Typ)  
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with  
the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC  
rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection  
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This  
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy  
and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction  
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.  
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a  
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful  
Average Current with Power  
Save  
2% TX, 8% RX, 90% Standby  
43mA (Typ)  
Current in Continuous TX  
mode  
300mA (Typ)  
185mA (Typ)  
25mA (Typ)  
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined  
by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to  
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:  
Current in Continuous RX  
mode  
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna  
Standby Current  
Mechanical  
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver  
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from  
that to which the receiver is connected  
Type II PC Card, with Antenna  
Extension  
• Consult the dealer or an experienced ratio/TV technician for help  
Output Power  
+11.5dBm (Typ)  
WARNING! Any changes or modifications of equipment not expressly  
approved by Intersil could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.  
Transmit Spectral Mask  
Antenna Interface  
-30dBc at First Side Lobes  
SMA, 50Ω (for testing only)  
Dual Diversity Printed Antenna  
10  
 
Application Note 9864  
All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.  
Intersil semiconductor products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time with-  
out notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and  
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result  
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.  
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site www.intersil.com  
Sales Office Headquarters  
NORTH AMERICA  
EUROPE  
ASIA  
Intersil Corporation  
Intersil SA  
Intersil Ltd.  
P. O. Box 883, Mail Stop 53-204  
Melbourne, FL 32902  
TEL: (321) 724-7000  
FAX: (321) 724-7240  
Mercure Center  
8F-2, 96, Sec. 1, Chien-kuo North,  
Taipei, Taiwan 104  
Republic of China  
TEL: 886-2-2515-8508  
FAX: 886-2-2515-8369  
100, Rue de la Fusee  
1130 Brussels, Belgium  
TEL: (32) 2.724.2111  
FAX: (32) 2.724.22.05  
11  
 

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